191

See Curtius, op. cit. 162-5.

192

Cf. p. 68 n. 1. Most of the exempla in this list which Rojas uses are condensed, though one is expanded: Agrippinam Nero becomes 'El cruel emperador Nero a su madre Agripina por solo su plazer hizo matar'. The greatest condensation, however, occurs in the exemplum of Lambas de Auria (see pp. 72-73).

193

Op. cit. 144. Celestina's speech is ii. 44; 175-6, ocurring for the first time in the 1502 edition.

194

Op. cit. 240. The passage referred to is ii. 59; 189. See p. 58 n. I.

195

Op. cit., ch. 2.

196

Petrarch introduces some sententiae with ut aiunt, and this may have influenced Rojas. In the 16-act version Rojas introduces roughly a quarter of the borrowings with this kind of phrase; in 1502 almost half of the additional borrowings are so introduced. A corresponding device with exempla is a prefatory aquel or el gran, which is used more often than dizen que; its frequency, too, increases in 1502.

197

Menéndez y Pelayo asserts that: 'se ve claro que la lectura del Petrarca no sirvió al bachiller Rojas para nada bueno, sino para alardear de un saber pedantesco...' (Orígenes de la novela, iii (Madrid, 1910), lxxxv). Cf. Samonà, op. cit. 129-30, 159.

198

Some, such as Melibea's list of murderers, are virtually indefensible, but these are a small minority. Gilman, La Celestina can still come alive for modern readers (see pp. 99-101).

199

It seems fair to suppose that Petrarch would only attribute to Reason views which he regarded, in that context, as correct.

200

Jorge Manrique, o tradición y originalidad (Buenos Aires, 1947), 194.